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Governance

The Medicines Patent Pool is a Swiss foundation created in Geneva on 16 July 2010. The Pool comprises a Governance Board, an Expert Advisory Group, and an executive team.

The Pool’s goals and governance procedures are outlined in its statutes, which are available in French and in English here [pdf]. The duties of the Governance Board and the Expert Advisory Group and their relationship with the Pool are encoded in the Medicines Patent Pool By-Laws [pdf]. The Pool aims to operate in a transparent and accountable manner, in accordance with our transparency policy [pdf].

As a part of this transparency policy, decisions from Governance Board meetings are made publicly available on the Pool’s website here.

UNITAID, the innovative financing mechanism dedicated to scaling-up the treatment of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, decided to work to create a patent pool for medicines in December 2009. Now that the Pool has been formed, UNITAID is providing funding for the Pool under an initial five-year Memorandum of Understanding [pdf]. The Memorandum of Understanding was revised in 2012; a consolidation of amendments and an updated set of annexes is available here [pdf].

Governance Board

The Governance Board is the governing body of the Medicines Patent Pool, with the highest authority for making decisions according to its statutes [pdf]. Among its key duties, it sets policies and strategies for the Pool, oversees its work plan and financial matters, and monitors and evaluates the Pool’s performance. It also appoints the Executive Director and Governance Board members. The Pool’s Executive Director attends Governance Board meetings without a right to vote.

Charles Clift, Bernard Pécoul, and Paulo Teixeira were the initial voting members of the Governance Board. In September 2011, the Sigrun Møgedal and Precious Matsoso joined the Board; in October 2012, Anna Zakowicz also joined the board. In October 2012, Precious Matsoso resigned from the board and was replaced by Anban Pillay. Members of the Board serve in their personal capacities. The Governance Board may include up to seven voting members, plus two non-voting participants, one of whom is the chair of the Expert Advisory Group.

Governance Board members include:

Charles Clift

Dr Charles Clift was, until recently, a Senior Adviser on Access to Medicines in the UK Department for International Development (DFID).  Trained as an economist at Cambridge and Sussex Universities, he undertook a wide range of roles on behalf of DFID. He has lived and worked in Kenya, India and the Caribbean and has extensive experience in all aspects of development, including the economic appraisal, evaluation and management of projects and programmes in several sectors.  From 1996-2001, he was responsible for the management of DFID’s economic and social research programmes, and then the coordination of all of DFID’s research programmes, including those concerned with health and agriculture. During this period, he was responsible for DFID’s investment in the establishment of SciDevNet, including facilitating its establishment as a UK registered charity. From 2001 to 2002, he acted as Head of the Secretariat of the U.K. Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. From 2004 to 2006, he was employed in a similar capacity by the WHO Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. The report of the latter Commission recommended that further work be done to evaluate the feasibility of patent pools to promote innovation and improve access.  In recent years, Dr Clift has worked extensively with other donors, the pharmaceutical industry (both brand-name and generic), governments and civil society on ways to improve access to medicines in developing countries, including through the use of innovative intellectual property mechanisms.

Bernard Pécoul

Bernard Pécoul, MD, MPH, obtained his medical degree from the University of Clermont Ferrand, and his Masters of Public Health from Tulane University in the US. Bernard worked in Thailand and Malaysia, managing public health projects for refugees from Vietnam, Burma and Laos in the early 1980s. He then joined Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) as a volunteer physician in 1983 in Honduras, where he provided healthcare to refugees from El Salvador, Nicaragua and Guatemala. He was a co-founder and director of research and training from 1988-1991 at Epicentre, an epidemiological research organisation in Paris, France. Then, from 1991-1998, he led the French section of MSF as Executive Director, where he oversaw one hundred field projects in forty countries. In 1998, Bernard became Executive Director of MSF’s Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines. In this position, he played a key role in founding the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) in 2003, of which he is now the Executive Director. DNDi and its partners have built the largest and most robust R&D portfolio ever for three of the most neglected diseases (leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, and Chagas disease), and have launched ASAQ and ASMQ, two low-cost, non-patented antimalarial combinations.

Paulo Teixeira

Dr Paulo Teixeira has gained worldwide recognition for his work on HIV/AIDS in Brazil and Latin America.  Dr Teixeira was director of the National STD/AIDS Program at the Ministry of Health in Brazil, where he created the first national AIDS program in 1983. Dr Teixeira pioneered Brazil’s programme for free, universal distribution of ARVs, which has become a model for other developing countries dealing with HIV/AIDS. From 2003 – 2004 he was the Director of the HIV/AIDS Department of the World Health Organization.

Anban Pillay

Anban Pillay is a South African national who currently holds the position of Deputy Director General for Health Regulation and Compliance with the country’s National Department of Health. He is also a member of the Council for Medical Schemes, sits on the Global Fund Expert Advisory Committee and the UNICEF/GAVI Expert Advisory Committee. He is an Honorary Senior Lecturer at the University of KwaZulu Natal. Dr. Pillay’s research focuses on: drug utilisation; knowledge, attitude and behaviour of prescribers; drug selection by pharmacy and therapeutics committees; meta-analyses and systematic reviews; and cost effective analyses. He earned his PhD from the University of Newcastle, Australia and also holds a Masters of Clinical Pharmacology from the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a Bachelors of Pharmacy from the University of KwaZulu Natal.

Sigrun Møgedal

Dr Sigrun Møgedal is a medical doctor, former Ambassador for HIV/AIDS and Global Health Initiatives for Norway, and former Chair of the Board for the Global Health Workforce Alliance at the World Health Organization. She was previously senior advisor to the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), and senior policy adviser to the Executive Director of UNAIDS. She serves on the boards of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), and UNITAID, and was a founding member of the board at the Global Forum for Health Research. She is currently a special adviser to the Executive Director of UNAIDS and serves as a member of the Independent Monitoring Board for Polio Eradication. She was awarded the status of Knight First Class in the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav and was appointed an officer of the National Order of Merit of France.

Anna Zakowicz

Ms Anna Zakowicz is the co-chair of the Board of Directors at the Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+), a member of the Board of Directors of European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG) and the co-chair of the Civil Society Forum on HIV/AIDS at the European Commission. Ms Zakowicz has been active in communities of people living with HIV, people who use drugs and women affected by HIV for years, holding leadership roles at both GNP+ and EATG, and as an independent expert. She brings extensive experience on treatment access issues facing Eastern Europe and Central Asia to her new role. Among her achievements to-date, Ms Zakowicz developed an assessment tool to determine national-level gaps in HIV, Hepatitis C and Tuberculosis care; acted as a community expert on HIV/AIDS treatment in Latvia; and worked as a focal point in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to increase meaningful participation of women at the UN High Level Meeting on AIDS. She has developed and run trainings in HIV treatment literacy and advocacy, management of healthcare and programmes for people who use drugs in Lithuania, Estonia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Austria and Belgium.

Expert Advisory Group

The Expert Advisory Group was established in 2011. The group evaluates draft licence agreements for the Pool, provides suggested improvements and recommends whether or not the Pool should accept a licence agreement as a significant improvement on the status quo in the direction of greater access to medicines for people living with HIV. Its members work in their personal capacities. Full biographies of EAG members can be found below. The group is currently chaired by Maximiliano Santa Cruz of Chile. A list of the current experts follows.

Name

Affiliation

Nationality

Labeeb Abboud

International AIDS Vaccine Initiative

USA

Jonathan Berger

Advocate, Johannesburg Bar

South Africa

Alexandra Calmy

Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve

Switzerland

Shing Chang

Pharmaceutical Research & Development Expert

USA

Carlos Correa

Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Buenos Aires

Argentina

Nelson Juma Otwoma

National Empowerment Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NEPHAK)

Kenya

Eun-Joo Min

World Intellectual Property Organization

Korea

Lita Nelsen

Technology Licensing Office, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

USA

Achal Prabhala

Researcher and Writer

India

Gracia Violeta Ross

Bolivian Network of Positive People

Bolivia

Maximilliano Santa Cruz

National Institute of Industrial Property, Chile

Chile

Wim Vandevelde

HIV and TB Treatment Advocate

Belgium


EAG Member Biographies

Labeeb Abboud (International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, USA) »

Labeeb M. Abboud is General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Business Development, of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a non-profit organisation whose mission is to ensure the development of safe, effective, accessible, preventive HIV vaccines for use throughout the world.

Labeeb is a member of IAVI’s Senior Management Team, and is responsible for legal, intellectual property and risk management issues, as well as business development activities. He has experience in negotiating collaborations and licensing arrangements with academic institutions and biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the US, Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as joint ventures with a wide range of partners, including governmental entities. He also advises IAVI’s board of directors on governance issues. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and is a graduate of Wesleyan University and Georgetown University Law Center.


Jonathan Berger (Advocate, Johannesburg Bar, South Africa) »

Jonathan is an advocate of the High Court of South Africa and and a member of the Johannesburg Society of Advocates. He is also an honorary research fellow at the School of Law at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (“Wits University”).

Until recently, he was a senior researcher and head of policy and research at South Africa’s SECTION27 (formerly known as the AIDS Law Project), where he worked from January 2002 to December 2011. After serving as the legal education and advice officer at the National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality from 1997 to 1999, he clerked for Justice O’Regan of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.

He holds degrees in architecture and law from Wits University, as well as a masters in law from the University of Toronto that focused on TRIPS, South Africa’s Constitution and access to medicines for treating HIV infection.

From June 2009 to December 2011, Jonathan was a member of South Africa’s Medicines Control Council and chaired its expert legal committee. Until late 2007, Jonathan chaired the board of the Lesbian and Gay Equality Project.


Alexandra Calmy (Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Switzerland) »

Dr Alexandra Calmy is a medical doctor and head of Clinical Science the HIV/AIDS Unit, Infectious Disease Service, at Geneva University Hospital in Switzerland. She is also an advisor to the Médecins Sans Frontières Access to Medicines Campaign, and has published widely on the treatment of HIV and on issues in access to HIV medicines.


Shing Chang (Pharmaceutical R&D Expert, USA) »

Dr. Shing Chang is the former Research and Development (R&D) Director at “Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative” (DNDi), a non-profit R&D organization based in Geneva. In this position, which he held from Oct 2007 until his retirement in May 2012, he was responsible for building DNDi’s project portfolio and developing partnerships to advance the discovery and development of new treatments for neglected diseases.

Shing has over 30 years of experience in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry, and has held senior management positions overseeing drug R&D in various therapeutic areas including antivirals and antibacterials.


Carlos Correa (Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) »

Carlos Correa is a professor and the Director of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies on Industrial Property and Economics, at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. He was a member of the WHO’s Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health. He was also a member of the WHO’s Consultative Expert Working Group on Research & Development, which assessed innovative ways to finance and coordinate research and development for diseases disproportionately affecting developing countries. He previously represented Argentina as a delegate to international intellectual property negotiations, including during the negotiations of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) at the World Trade Organization, and also served as Under-secretary of State for Informatics and Development in Argentina. He is a lawyer and an economist who has a PhD from the University of Buenos Aires.


Nelson Juma Otwoma (National Empowerment Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NEPHAK), Kenya) »

Nelson is the National Coordinator and CEO at NEPHAK. The main work at NEPHAK (National Empowerment Network for People living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya) is to provide committed, strategic and accountable leadership for the visibility and voice of people living with HIV and affected communities in health and development initiatives aimed at improving their lives and wellbeing.

Nelson also sits in a number of national health and HIV/TB coordinating bodies/forums and advisory boards (representing people living with HIV (PLHIV) and communities). In Kenya, he is a member of the Technical Working Group on Positive Health, Dignity and Prevention (PHDP), Steering Committee for the Mainstreaming of GIPA in the national response to HIV and AIDS, the National Health Sustainable Financing Committee and member of GFATM (Kenya) Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM). At the regional and global level, Nelson is member of the Africa Regional Advisory Group (RAG) for the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, working group member for the Civil Society Capacity Building Fund, alternate Board member at UNITAID, as well as member of the Core/Working Group on Global Laboratories Initiative (GLI) at the Stop TB Partnership/WHO. He is trained social scientist and health/research advocate.


Eun-Joo Min (World Intellectual Property Organization, Korea) »

Dr Eun-Joo Min heads the Legal Development Section at the Arbitration and Mediation Centre of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Her current area of work covers development and implementation of alternative dispute resolution procedures, best-practices and guidelines, particularly in collaboration with stakeholders to ensure tailored, efficient dispute avoidance and resolution policies that may contribute to encouraging continuity in IP-based project development and management.

Prior to joining WIPO, Eun-joo taught international law and international economic law at the International Division and College of Law at Yonsei University. She holds a Ph.D. in law from Yonsei University in Seoul, a certificate degree in international law from the Graduate Institute of International Affairs in Geneva, and was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Michigan Law School.


Lita Nelsen (Technology Licensing Office, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) »

Lita Nelsen is director of the Technology Licensing Office of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she has been for 25 years with a specialty in biotechnology licensing. She is a graduate of MIT and worked as a chemical engineer in industry prior to joining the TLO.

Lita has been an IP advisor to the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and was a founding board member of MIHR (the Center for the Management of Intellectual Property for Health Research). She was a co-founder of Praxis, a non-profit company for training in technology transfer, and she received an MBE from Britain for her work on university technology transfer in the UK.


Achal Prabhala (Researcher and Writer, India) »

Achal Prabhala is a writer, researcher and activist on issues of intellectual property and access to medicines and knowledge. He previously worked in Johannesburg, South Africa, campaigning for access to educational materials, and currently serves on the board of the Centre for Internet & Society and on the advisory board of the Wikimedia Foundation. Achal received his degree in economics and public policy at Yale University.


Gracia Violeta Ross (Bolivian Network of Positive People, Bolivia) »

Gracia Violeta Ross is an HIV positive advocate from La Paz, Bolivia. Ross studied Anthropology in Bolivia, and completed her master’s training in Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health in Peru. Since discovering her HIV positive status in 2000, she has served in the Bolivian Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS (REDBOL), including as its national chair for the last 7 years. Thanks to her experience as a rape survivor, she has a strong commitment to gender and AIDS issues. Ross has represented Bolivia and Latin America in global forums such as the UNAIDS Program Coordinating Board and the Developing Countries NGO Delegation of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. Currently, Ross is the Community Representative of the TB-HIV Working Group of the Stop TB Partnership and a member of the Civil Society Advisory Group of UN Women in Latin America and the Caribbean.


Maximiliano Santa Cruz (National Institute of Industrial Property, Chile) »

Maximiliano Santa Cruz is the Director of the National Institute of Industrial Property of Chile (INAPI), a position he has held since October 2009. Before assuming leadership of INAPI, he worked in the Permanent Mission of Chile to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in charge, among other things, of intellectual property issues at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in the WTO and in the World Health Organization (WHO). He was President of the WIPO Standing Committee on the Law of Patents for two periods (June 2008 – May 2011) and in the course of his duties in Geneva, he acted as Vice-chairman of other WIPO Committees.

From 1999 to 2004, he worked at the General Directorate for International Economic Relations of the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs in charge of intellectual property issues, working first in the Trade Policy/WTO Department and then as Head of the intellectual Property Unit. He was the head negotiator of the intellectual property groups for the free trade agreements between Chile and the European Union; Chile and the European Free Trade Area (EFTA); Chile and the Republic of Korea and the agreement between Chile, New Zealand and Singapore. In addition, he also was negotiator in the free trade agreement with the United States and in the agreement with the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). He has given lectures in Chile as well as abroad and has written different papers about intellectual property.

Wim Vandevelde (HIV and TB Treatment Advocate, Belgium) »

Wim Vandevelde, a native of Belgium, has been a committed advocate for HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C treatment for over a decade. Many of those years have been spent with the European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG), the leading HIV advocacy group in Europe that currently represents treatment activists from over 36 different countries, where Wim served on the Board of Directors from 2004-2009 (including two years as chair) and currently chairs the European Community Advisory Board, a working group of EATG that brings together civil society, researchers and the pharmaceutical industry to address issues of biomedical drug development and access to medicines issues.